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Objective· To estimate the value of four physical examination methods in the diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament complete rupture. Methods · A retrospective study was conducted on 100 patients who underwent surgical treatment for knee joint injury from July 11, 2016 to June 10, 2017. They received four physical examinations including Lachman test, anterior drawer test, lever sign test and pivot shift test. The results of the arthroscopy inspections were used as gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, accuracy and other parameter of four physical examinations were comprehensively discussed. Results · Arthroscopic examination confirmed that 81 patients had complete rupture of anterior cruciate ligament. The sensitivities of anterior drawer test, lever test, pivot shift test and Lachman test were 87.7%, 100.0%, 97.5% and 96.3%, and the specificities were 84.2%, 78.9%, 73.7% and 63.2%, respectively. The positive predictive values were 95.9%, 95.3%, 94.0% and 91.8%, while the negative predictive values were 61.5%, 100.0%, 87.5% and 80.0%, respectively. The accuracies were 87%, 96%, 93% and 90%, respectively. The positive likelihood ratios were 5.6, 4.7, 3.7 and 2.6, while the negative ones were 0.1, 0, 0 and 0.1, respectively. Conclusion · Anterior drawer test is the most effective in diagnosing the complete rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament, while lever sign test is the most effective in excluding one. Lever sign test is the most sensitive and easy to operate, especially for fresh bruise, acute injury, limb swelling and obesity, with high diagnostic value.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To study the characters of high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) in the seizure onset zones (SOZ) and the nonseizure onset zones (NSOZ) in the electrocorticography (ECoG) of patients with neocortical epilepsy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Only patients with neocortical epilepsy who were seizure-free after surgery as determined with ECoG were included. We selected patients with normal magnetic resonance imaging before surgery in order to avoid the influence of HFOs by other lesions. Three minutes preictal and 10 min interictal ECoG as recorded in 39 channels in the SOZ and 256 channels in the NSOZ were analyzed. Ripples and fast ripples (FRs) were analyzed by Advanced Source Analysis software (ASA, The Netherlands). Average duration of HFOs was analyzed in SOZ and NSOZ separately.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>For ripples, the permillage time occupied by HFOs was 0.83 in NSOZ and 1.17 in SOZ during the interictal period. During preictal period, they were 2.02 in NSOZ and 7.93 in SOZ. For FRs, the permillage time occupied by HFOs was 0.02 in NSOZ and 0.42 in SOZ during the interictal period. During preictal period, they were 0.03 in NSOZ and 2 in SOZ.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>High-frequency oscillations are linked to SOZ in neocortical epilepsy. Our study demonstrates the prevalent occurrence of HFOs in SOZ. More and more burst of HFOs, especially FRs, means the onset of seizures.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Electrocorticography , Electroencephalography , Epilepsy , SeizuresABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the echocardiographic features and clinical significance of prenatal diagnosis of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC). Methods Fetal echocardiographic images of 13 fetuses with TAPVC conifrmed by pathology or postnatal echocardiography were reviewed. Echocardiographic features and clinical signiifcance of prenatal diagnosis of TAPVC were summarized. Results Twelve fetuses with TAPVC were diagnosed prenatally by fetal echocardiography, including seven cases of supracardiac type, three cases of infracardiac type and two cases of intracardiac type. The common echocardiographic characteristics of 12 fetuses with TAPVC included slightly size discrepancy of left heart and right heart, large foramen ovale with increased shunting at the atrial level, increased distance between left atrium (LA) and descending aorta, absent insertions of pulmonary veins in the LA, presence of pulmonary venous conlfuence on the top of LA and dilatation of vessels where pulmonary venous conlfuence drained. One case was missed prenatally and intracardiac type TAPVC was diagnosed by postnatal echocardiography. Among the 13 cases, three were isolated and the other ten were all in association with other abnormalities. Conclusions There are fetal echocardiographic characteristics of TAPVC. Fetal echocardiography plays an important role in prenatal diagnosis of TAPVC.
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Objective: To investigate the distribution of somatostatin receptor 2 subtype (SSTR2) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in vitro and the value of 99mTc-octreotide scintigraphy for SCLC diagnosis in vivo. Methods: The distribution of SSTR2 was detected by electron microscopic autoradiography (EMR) using 125I octreotide. 99mTc-octreotide (0.15 mL, 16.8 MBq) was injected into nude mice via tail veins and 99mTc-octreotide scintigraphy was observed. Results: The tagged rates of cellular sliver grains were 95.0% (19/20) and 85.0% (16/20) at 30 min and 120 min, respectively. The difference was significant (P < 0.05). Sliver grains were distributed in the membranes at 30 min and located in the nucleolus and cytoplasm at 120 min. The numbers of sliver grains in the control group (addition of over Tyr 3-octreotide) were remarkably less than those of group 30 min and 120 min. The scintigraphy of the tumors in 5 nude mice was positively displayed at 4 h postinjection of 99mTc octreotide. Conclusions: SSTR2 is over-expressed in SCLC. Radiolabeled octreotide scintigraphy may become a novel detection method for early diagnosis of SCLC.